How Does A Waterjet High Pressure Pump Work?

How Does A Waterjet High Pressure Pump Work?

Waterjet technology is widely used in many industrial fields such as metal processing, stone, glass, composite materials, etc. due to its high precision, no heat effect, and high adaptability. In this technology, the WaterJet Cutter Pump is the core component of the system. It can pressurize ordinary water to extremely high pressure to form a high-speed Water Jet, and mix it with abrasive to form a water-sand flow with cutting ability to perform precise cutting of materials.

Composition of Teel-Easy-Use-Abrasive-Waterjet-Cutting-Machine-Supplier-p.html target='_blank'>Water Jetting Pump

Power system: driven by electric motor or diesel engine, driving hydraulic pump and booster mechanism through pulley or coupling.
Hydraulic system: including hydraulic pump, overflow valve, reversing valve, accumulator, cooler and other components, used to provide oil pressure to the booster cylinder and control the reciprocating motion of the booster.
Booster mechanism (pump body): composed of booster cylinder, Piston-Assembly-05146576-Abrasive-Waterjet-Parts-In-Stock-p.html target='_blank'>Hydraulic Piston, high-pressure Plunger, inlet and outlet water check valve, etc. Multiple booster cylinders are often installed in parallel to achieve continuous high-pressure output.
Water treatment system: including filter and low-pressure water pump, used to filter out impurities in tap water and send water into the booster cylinder after pre-compression.
Control system: electric control cabinet and Sensor are used to monitor pressure, motor status, etc., and control start-stop, reversing and other operations to ensure safe and stable operation of equipment.
Auxiliary equipment: such as pressure gauge, oil cooling system, lubrication system, drain valve, etc., used to display pressure, cool oil and water temperature, lubricate mechanical parts, and drain residual water, etc.
These components work together to form a complete high-pressure water cutting pump system, providing a stable high-pressure water flow source for the water cutting machine.

Working principle of Water Jet Intensifier-Assembly-80072333-Good-Quality-Water-Jet-Parts-In-Stock-p.html target='_blank'>Intensifier Pump

Boosting process
The motor drives the hydraulic pump to work and deliver high-pressure oil to the hydraulic system. The high-pressure oil enters the boosting cylinder in the boosting mechanism through the reversing valve, pushing the hydraulic piston to reciprocate. The hydraulic piston is connected to the high-pressure plunger rod, and the force generated by the large piston surface is transmitted to the high-pressure water cylinder through the plunger rod. Since the cross-sectional area of the cylinder is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the plunger, the oil pressure will be amplified at the plunger under the same force. For example, if the cylinder area is 20 times the plunger area, the oil pressure of 20 MPa can be amplified to a water pressure of about 400 MPa. With the reciprocating motion of the piston, the boosting cylinder at one end absorbs water through the water inlet check valve, and the other end discharges the high-pressure water through the water outlet check valve to form a continuous high-pressure water flow. This design of alternating suction and discharge of water by two cylinders can achieve a relatively stable water supply and reduce pulsation. However, the actual output water pressure will still fluctuate periodically with the reversal of the piston.

Pressure stabilization device
In order to balance the pressure fluctuations during the boosting process, the waterjet system is usually equipped with a high-pressure accumulator or a pressure stabilizing device in the high-pressure pipeline. When the booster cylinder generates excessive pressure instantaneously, the gas or elastic membrane in the accumulator will be compressed, thereby absorbing part of the energy; when the instantaneous pressure decreases, the accumulator releases the stored high-pressure water flow to achieve buffering and balancing of the output pressure. The application of the pressure stabilizing device can significantly improve the stability of the cutting process, protect the system from pressure shock, and ensure the uniformity of the nozzle output water flow.

Sealing system
Seals play a vital role in water cutting high-pressure pumps. High-performance Sealing-ring-CP022011-150-Waterjet-Parts-p.html target='_blank'>Sealing rings (such as polyurethane sealing rings, composite sealing rings, etc.) are required at both ends of the booster cylinder and between the piston and the plunger to prevent oil and water leakage and cross-flow. The inlet and outlet check valves also require reliable sealing to ensure that water can only pass in one direction. The sealing material must be wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and able to withstand extremely high pressure. In daily operation, the sealing ring will wear due to friction, so attention should be paid to the material of the seal and the ease of replacement to reduce the subsequent maintenance cost.

Operation process
Start-up preparation: Check the oil level in the oil tank, lubrication system and cooling system, confirm that the water source is unobstructed and start the water supply pump to pressurize the filtered water to the booster.
Start the booster: Start the drive motor and the hydraulic pump starts working. At this time, the overflow valve is closed, and the high-pressure oil enters the booster cylinder through the reversing valve to push the hydraulic piston to move.
Boosting water discharge: As the hydraulic piston reciprocates, one end of the booster cylinder absorbs water through the water inlet valve, and the other end sends high-pressure water to the high-pressure pipeline through the water outlet valve. After the system pressure reaches the set value, you can open the nozzle to start cutting.
Cutting and shutdown: After cutting is completed, close the nozzle valve first, and then stop the high-pressure pump and motor in turn. Finally, open the drain valve to drain the residual water in the pump body to prevent corrosion or freezing.
During the whole process, the system sensor monitors the pressure and temperature, and the control system adjusts the valve action in real time to ensure the stability and safety of the water flow. Standardized operation procedures can extend the life of equipment and improve production efficiency.

The waterjet high-pressure pump is the core component of waterjet cutting equipment. Its stable pressurization process and excellent pressure stabilization performance ensure the energy and quality of high-speed cutting water flow. In practical applications, choosing a reliable high-pressure pump and keeping it well maintained can not only improve the cutting speed and processing accuracy, but also extend the service life of the equipment. Pay attention to key parameters and technical details, scientifically select and manage operations, so that the waterjet high-pressure pump can play the greatest value in production and bring efficient and precise solutions to industrial cutting.